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There are two main reasons for the failure and loss of Morchella spp .: First, it fails to meet the technical requirements and the output is not high; second, the purchaser suppresses the price, and the purchase price is too low. Two factors have caused the loss of the grower. In order to grow morel mushrooms and increase the production of morel mushrooms, you must master six major factors in the cultivation of morel mushrooms. These six elements are the key technologies that must be understood in the cultivation of morel mushrooms.

The "six major elements" in the cultivation of morel include: (1, technology; 2, strains ; 3, seasons; 4, climate; 5, soil quality; 6, pests). The analysis of the "six major elements" in morel cultivation is as follows.

1.Technology:

Technology is the core throughout the cultivation process of Morchella. Without formal training and learning, there is no reliable culture production cultivation and management technology. It is recommended not to plant.

Some people go to the base to visit everywhere, take a look, and ask, picking point technology is used, this method is very unreliable, after all, it has to take a detour. The cultivation of morel is obviously different from other edible fungi. Only the mother, original, and cultivated species of Morchella are constantly changing during the cultivation process. With time, temperature, or variety, the growth is erratic and different. Color, without enough experience, it is difficult to judge the quality of morel mycelium, true and false, strong and weak, old and tender and so on.

Therefore, without formal technical training and learning, without observing the growth of morel mycelium, and without knowing the morel mycelium, it is difficult to identify good species.

If you buy cultivars directly, First of all, you do n’t know the quality of the culture, you do n’t know whether the hypha is good or not, and you ca n’t tell the age, old and young, or heterozygous mycelium. After sowing, the yield will be reduced or lost. Mastering technology is not only the strain technology, especially the cultivation management technology.

important.

Many people do n’t understand technology at all, they just buy other people ’s cultivars to plant. They do n’t understand sowing cultivation techniques and management techniques. Once the mushrooms are not good, the yield is not high or no mushrooms, it ’s strange that the fungus species have problems. Peeling with selling cultures. This cannot be generalized. We must carefully analyze where the problem lies? Is it a breed issue or a strain issue? or a cultivation method? Is it a seasonal issue or a climate issue? Is it a management issue or a pest problem? These problems must be based on technology to accurately find the root cause of problems, avoid production reductions and failures, and achieve success and high productivity.

2.Strains:

It is very important to carefully breed and cultivate excellent strains of morel. To cultivate a good variety of morel requires a lot of work and a high level of technology to complete. Although cultivation of Morchella is very important, experts tell you a basic common sense of cultivation of Morchella: "That is, if the variety is good, it does not mean that the fungus is good. A good cultivar does not mean that the mushrooms are good. The raw material formula, operating technology, cultivation conditions, and management techniques at each step will change its quality. " Mycelium can also be the last checked, that is, when sowing and digging, the surface is normal, you must first open the lid and smell the mycelium if there is a strange smell and odor, to seee if you can use it.

At present, there is a common phenomenon in the cultivation of morel mushrooms. If the mushrooms are not good, they are mistakenly considered to be a problem of culture. Those who sell cultures are strange. I did not find the grower's own management technology or other reasons. It is not correct or scientific to think that, in fact, the culture factor is very small. Low yield is not only a factor of culture, it only accounts for one of the "six major factors". 

Morchella cultivation management, climate and environment, and pest control are the main factors. In order to sell more Morchella cultivars, some manufacturers have promised that “there is no need to learn technology for yield and recovery, just spread the seeds on the ground”. Is it really that simple? It happened that someone just did this. As a result, the yield was low and no mushrooms were produced. In turn, they looked for manufacturers that sold the culture, "said that there was a problem with the quality of the seeds." Difficult to clear. It can be said that every layman who buys cultures and does not understand the cultivation and management technology of morel mushrooms will not be in place as required, and will encounter this problem every year.

3. Season:

Morchella cultivation season is also very important. It is like planting crops. If you miss the cultivation season, it will affect the yield. No matter the best culture and technology, it will not work.

Due to the different climatic conditions across the country, the cultivation methods and management techniques of morel are different, and the requirements of the greenhouse are different. The technology cannot be copied and copied, and it must be adapted to local conditions. And the same species, different seasons, sowing, mushrooming period and effect are different. Morel is a low-temperature variety. Both mycelium growth and mushrooming are suitable for low-temperature conditions. Therefore, the method of "winter harvest and spring harvest" is generally adopted. The specific time and season is suitable for planting. This depends on the local climate and temperature. Decide. Although it can be cultivated from September to December in the country, the best time season should be determined before the planting temperature can drop below 20 degrees. If the planting is too early or too late, it will affect the mycelial development and physiological changes of Morchella. Affects mushrooming and yield.Morel cultivation must grasp the best season sowing to obtain high yield.

4. Climate:

4. Climate: Climate conditions are also critical to the success or failure of Morchella cultivation. The climate across the country is very different. Morel is more difficult to cultivate in tropical regions than in cold regions. Sheds cannot lower the temperature. Therefore, the most feared by morel mushrooms during the cultivation and mushrooming period is the high temperature and high humidity areas. The high temperature and high humidity age the mycelium quickly, die quickly, the primordia are not easy to form, and the fruiting bodies are easy to die. If the temperature suddenly rises above 25 degrees, morel primordium and mushrooms will also die of heat.

Morel temperature during cultivation is too low, mycelium grows slowly, and the dormant period is long. Once morel mushrooms emerge from the primordium mushrooms, they will also experience extreme weather such as sub-zero, freezing, frost or "cold spring". Frostbite and death, but some measures can be taken in low temperature areas to make Morchella grow.

Especially when experiencing extreme weather such as high temperature, low temperature, wind, frost and snow when mushrooming, it is extremely unfavorable to the growth of morel. Therefore, climate is also a major factor in the success and failure of morel. This is the risk brought by the natural climate that humans cannot control.

5. Soil:

Morchella is both a saprophyte and a soil fungus. Morchella cannot grow without soil. The soil depends on the soil quality. The soil quality is the basis for the growth of morel mushrooms. In addition to deserts and saline-alkali soils, more soils that can grow crops and grasses can be cultivated. However, the soil should be divided into sandy soil, clay, and loam. These three types of soil can cultivate morels. The quality of the soil is the key to the production of morel.

Soil cannot represent soil quality. Soil quality is the quality of soil. Soil quality should be rich in nutrients such as minerals, humus and organic matter. The soil should be fertile, loose, and breathable, and the soil that has been planted is better. Generally, the sandy soil is good for the growth of mycelium and the emergence of mushrooms. In addition to soil quality, when planting arable land, it is extremely important to know the dryness and humidity of the soil, and it is also the key to the high yield of morel. If the soil is too wet to be suitable for arable land, it will grow wetter and more compact, which is not conducive to the germination of mycelium in the soil, which will seriously affect the mushroom production and yield.

6. Pests:

Pests are important factors related to the success and failure of Morchella, high yield and low yield. Pests are a big natural enemy in the cultivation of Morchella. It comes from the spread of nature, and it is invincible.The insect pests of morel are mainly jumping insects, maggots, mosquitoes, etc., especially the jumping insects are the most serious. they are small and multiply quickly. Generally, the mycelium and fruit bodies of morel are eaten in the soil, and the harm is quite serious.

If the morchella mushroom yields about 10-100 kg, there will be a lot of insect pests. If the morchella mushoom yields about 300 kg per acre, there may still be a small amount of pests. If more than 800-1000 kilograms of morchella are produced, it means that no pests have occurred.

For more and more stable production of Morchella spp., The soil must be carefully selected before sowing. If there are jumping insects in the soil, preventive measures should be taken before planting or before sowing. In short, if there are pest effects, morel is difficult to produce or fail.

In order to grow morel and obtain high yield and good harvest, the key is to master the cultivation of morel. According to the "six major elements", the requirements must be achieved. First, we must learn the core technology through formal training. Only the comprehensive knowledge of the techniques can obtain the high and stable yield of morel.